His rich literary work, on the one hand, continued the works of earlier Latin and Greek poets, while on the other hand, it introduced new forms of expression into literature. The love poem Ars Amatoria (Ars Amandi) is an innovative work consisting of three books of advice dealing with relationships between men and women. Written…

Hesiod’s name is interpreted as meaning “the one who sends the song”, which may suggest that he belonged to the group of aoidoi – renowned singers in ancient Greece who entertained court banquets with songs celebrating the deeds of gods, heroes, and legendary figures. The poet tended flocks on the slopes of Mount Helicon, where,…

According to the PWN Encyclopaedia, the Scythians were a name given by the ancient Greeks to Iranian nomadic peoples inhabiting, from the 8th century BC to the early centuries CE, the steppes north of the Black Sea. The most extensive historical information about this enigmatic people comes from the Greek historian Herodotus (5th century BC),…

From the 3rd to the 5th century CE, the Hrubieszów Basin was inhabited by Gothic tribes whose remains of rich material and spiritual culture are referred to as the Masłomęcz group (Fig. 1). It is known from numerous archaeological sites, among which the eponymous cemetery at Masłomęcz stands out, as well as those at Gródek…

Graves from Sungir: at Sungir, near Vladimir on the Klyazma River (Russia), an archaeological site was discovered consisting of a series of large habitation camps and richly furnished burials. The most noteworthy are two graves located in pits, at the bottoms of which charcoal and traces of burnt soil were recorded. In Grave No. 1,…

The prince was buried in a so-called niche grave, the construction of which is based on two principal elements: a rectangular entrance pit (dimensions: 220 × 160 cm) and a niche hollowed out in one of its sides (near the bottom), which served as the burial chamber (maximum dimensions: 330 × 270 cm). The niche…